@article{pmid40293805,

title = {Linguistic Measurement Invariance and Stability-Equivalence of the Personality Inventory for  Among Bilingual Participants},

author = {Philippe Leclerc and Yann Le Corff and Mélanie Lapalme and Vincent Bégin and Karine Forget and Dominick Gamache and Claudia Savard and Jean-Pierre Rolland},

doi = {10.1521/pedi.2025.39.2.133},

issn = {1943-2763},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-04-01},

journal = {J Pers Disord},

volume = {39},

number = {2},

pages = {133--151},

abstract = {The linguistic equivalence of the Personality Inventory for  (PID-5) has never been investigated using a within-subject design, that is, among bilingual individuals. Also, the stability-equivalence of the PID-5 using two linguistic versions is unknown. Thus, this within-subject, test-retest study aims at (a) establishing the measurement invariance of the PID-5 among bilinguals, and (b) providing indices of stability-equivalence using distinct versions with tight confidence intervals. Data from a sample of bilingual participants ( = 605), who were administered the PID-5 over a 1-2-week interval in French and English, were utilized. The PID-5 reached the (full) strong invariance level using longitudinal invariance analyses, indicating that the PID-5 structure is the same and that scores are interchangeable, while controlling for sampling confounds. The indices of stability-equivalence were high across traits. The PID-5 yields scores reflective of genuine differences, at least at the domain level, providing solid ground to study personality across societies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38985783,

title = {Broader Issues in Test Translation and Validation: A Commentary Inspired by Macina et al. (2023)},

author = {Dominick Gamache and Philippe Leclerc and Alexandre Côté and David Théberge and Claudia Savard},

doi = {10.1080/00223891.2024.2375213},

issn = {1532-7752},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {J Pers Assess},

volume = {106},

number = {6},

pages = {724--726},

abstract = {Macina et al. (2023) recently reported mixed results on the German translation of the Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale (SIFS). By focusing on suboptimal indices of structural validity, they recommended choosing other available instruments over the SIFS in future research on personality impairment. Reflecting on Macina et al.'s overall conclusions inspired us to consider broader issues in the field of personality impairment assessment. In this commentary, we discuss some issues regarding test translation and validity raised by Macina et al.'s article. We advise against assuming equivalence between original and translated versions of a test and discuss some caveats regarding comparison between different instruments based on structural validity. We also call into question whether the latter should be the litmus test for judging the quality of a measure. Finally, we discuss how the proliferation of personality impairment measures can benefit the broader field. Notably, this would allow moving toward a "what works for whom" approach that considers the match between psychometric property, desired use of the instrument, and characteristics of the target population.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid39180222,

title = {Exploring the Associations of Personality and Sexual Health Using the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders},

author = {Mélissa Deschênes and Dominick Gamache and Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel and Kristel Mayrand and Marie-Chloé Nolin and Nicolas Berthelot and Coralie Mercerat and Claudia Savard},

doi = {10.1080/0092623X.2024.2391340},

issn = {1521-0715},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {J Sex Marital Ther},

volume = {50},

number = {7},

pages = {834--854},

abstract = {This study explored the relationships between sexual health indicators (i.e., sexual satisfaction, distress, and function) and the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders, a promising dimensional framework for assessing personality pathology. A sample of 489 participants seeking help in private practice clinics completed self-report measures of sexual satisfaction, distress, and function, as well as dyadic adjustment, psychological distress, romantic attachment, personality impairment, and pathological personality facets. Results first showed that participants reaching the cutoffs for a personality disorder had significantly higher sexual distress and lower sexual function compared to participants without a personality disorder. Second, path analyses controlling for psychological distress, dyadic adjustment, and romantic attachment revealed that, for women, the Criterion B Intimacy Avoidance facet was consistently linked with higher sexual distress and lower sexual satisfaction and function. For men, result patterns were more complex, linking Criterion B Separation Insecurity with high sexual distress, and Separation Insecurity and Intimacy Avoidance facets with low sexual function. In addition, Criterion B Irresponsibility, Rigid Perfectionism, as well as Criterion A Intimacy impairment were linked with higher sexual satisfaction. These findings improve our understanding of the links between personality and sexual health and provide support for considering personality difficulties in sexual health interventions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37096738,

title = {Revisiting the vulnerable dark triad hypothesis using a bifactor model},

author = {Dominick Gamache and Véronique Maheux-Caron and David Théberge and Alexandre Côté and Marie-Anne Rancourt and Sébastien Hétu and Claudia Savard},

doi = {10.1111/sjop.12921},

issn = {1467-9450},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

journal = {Scand J Psychol},

volume = {64},

number = {5},

pages = {679--692},

abstract = {Miller et al. (2010) previously suggested that borderline pathology, vulnerable narcissism, and Factor 2 psychopathy share a common "Vulnerable Dark Triad" (VDT) core. The present study (N = 1,023 community participants) aims to test that hypothesis using exploratory and confirmatory bifactor analyses. We found support for a bifactor model that obtained satisfactory fits and other adequate validity indices, which included a general VDT factor and three group factors (Reckless, Entitled, Hiding). The general VDT factor was mostly saturated with borderline symptoms items reflecting self-hatred and worthlessness, which did not form a group factor; these results add to previous research suggesting that features of borderline pathology may represent the core of personality pathology. The three group factors had distinctive relationships with Dark Triad traits, pathological trait domains, and aggression. In contrast with the three group factors, the general VDT factor more strongly incremented the prediction of negative affectivity and hostility; the group factors more strongly incremented the prediction of grandiosity, egocentrism, callousness, Machiavellianism, and direct (physical/verbal) aggression. Alignment of the retained bifactor model with influent models of personality pathology and conceptual/methodological implications of the present results for research on the hypothesized VDT are discussed, as well as some clinical implications of the findings.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36089289,

title = {Stalking perpetration through the lens of the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders},

author = {Dominick Gamache and Marie-Ève Cloutier and Jonathan Faucher and Philippe Leclerc and Claudia Savard},

doi = {10.1002/pmh.1567},

issn = {1932-863X},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-01},

journal = {Personal Ment Health},

volume = {17},

number = {2},

pages = {135--146},

abstract = {Emerging dimensional models of personality disorders such as the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) provide new opportunities to explore the associations between personality pathology and harmful interpersonal behaviours such as stalking perpetration. Two goals are pursued by this study: (a) To document associations between stalking, level of personality pathology, and pathological personality domains/facets; and (b) to determine the relative importance of maladaptive personality facets in the statistical prediction of stalking. Data from 1489 young adults (18-30 years old) from a community sample were analysed. Moderate positive significant correlations were found between stalking, level of personality pathology, and maladaptive personality domains. A clear gradient of severity of stalking behaviours was found across five severity degrees of personality pathology. Dominance analyses revealed that Deceitfulness was the most dominant statistical predictor in women. Unusual Beliefs and Experiences, a facet from the Psychoticism domain, made an important contribution in the prediction of stalking in men only. Impulsivity was a key predictor in both genders but more markedly in men. Results suggest that the AMPD represents a useful framework to study stalking perpetration. Identification of key personality predictors might prove relevant for identifying risk factors, underlying motives, and treatment targets for stalking perpetrators.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38274419,

title = {Profiles of theory of mind impairments and personality in clinical and community samples: integrating the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders},

author = {Mireille Lampron and Amélie M Achim and Dominick Gamache and Allyson Bernier and Stéphane Sabourin and Claudia Savard},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1292680},

issn = {1664-0640},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Front Psychiatry},

volume = {14},

pages = {1292680},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Deficits in theory of mind (ToM)-the ability to infer the mental states of others-have been linked to antagonistic traits in community samples. ToM deficits have also been identified in people with personality disorders (PD), although with conflicting evidence, partly due to the use of categorical diagnoses. The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) provides an opportunity for a more precise understanding of the interplay between ToM abilities and personality pathology. Therefore, the study aims to determine whether and how individuals with diverse ToM profiles differ regarding personality impairment (AMPD Criterion A) and pathological facets (AMPD Criterion B).nnMETHOD: Adults with PD ( = 39) and from the community ( = 42) completed tests assessing ToM skills and self-reported questionnaires assessing AMPD Criteria A and B. Hierarchical agglomerative and TwoStep cluster analyses were consecutively computed using scores and subscores from ToM tests as clustering variables. Multivariate analyses of variance were subsequently performed to compare the clusters on both AMPD Criteria. Five clinically and conceptually meaningful clusters were found. The most notable differences across clusters were observed for Intimacy and Empathy dysfunctions (Criterion A), as well as for the Deceitfulness, Callousness, and Hostility facets from the Antagonism domain and the Restricted affectivity facet from the Detachment domain (Criterion B).nnDISCUSSION: The results support the association between antagonistic personality facets and ToM deficits. However, clusters showing impairments in ToM abilities did not necessarily exhibit high levels of personality dysfunction or pathological facets, emphasizing that both constructs are not isomorphic. Nevertheless, specific profiles can help refine existing interventions to make them more sensitive and specific to the nature of ToM dysfunctions while considering personality functioning and facets.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35334202,

title = {An Appraisal of Narcissistic Rage Through Path Modeling},

author = {David Théberge and Dominick Gamache},

doi = {10.1177/08862605221084746},

issn = {1552-6518},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {J Interpers Violence},

volume = {38},

number = {1-2},

pages = {NP796--NP818},

abstract = {Pathological narcissism and borderline traits have been consistently associated with interpersonal aggression. Shame has been identified as an important trigger of aggressive behaviors in individuals with pathological personality traits, especially for narcissistic vulnerability and borderline traits. This is in line with Kohut's theory on narcissistic rage, that is, aggression, anger, and destruction that act as a protection for a grandiose self. The present study aims to investigate the interrelations between pathological narcissism, borderline traits, shame, and trait aggression, concepts that are parts of the narcissistic rage phenomenon introduced by Kohut, using path models. A total of 399 participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing personality traits (narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability, and borderline traits), shame, and aggression. Three path models including these variables were tested and compared to one another on fit indices. Results show that shame acts as a mediator between pathological traits (narcissistic vulnerability and borderline traits) and trait aggression, whereas the relationship between narcissistic grandiosity and aggression was direct (i.e., shame was not involved). Results expand the narcissistic rage theory by suggesting that it might represent an internalizing type of aggression that manifests in the context of narcissistic vulnerability and borderline traits, which is not the case for narcissistic grandiosity that exerts a direct effect on trait aggression.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38283893,

title = {Contribution of the alternative model for DSM-5 personality disorders to relationship satisfaction},

author = {Claudia Savard and Mélissa Deschênes and Élodie Gagné-Pomerleau and Maude Payant and Kristel Mayrand and Marie-Chloé Nolin and Louis-Alexandre Marcoux and Dominick Gamache},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291226},

issn = {1664-0640},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Front Psychiatry},

volume = {14},

pages = {1291226},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Personality is a central factor associated with relationship discord, conflicts, and separation, as well as with dyadic adjustment and relationship stability. The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) of the DSM-5 offers a hybrid model for understanding personality based on personality dysfunction (Criterion A) and pathological domains and facets (Criterion B). So far, few studies have integrated this model into the understanding of relationship quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the contribution of Criterion B to relationship satisfaction in individuals involved in an intimate relationship. We also explored the joint contribution of Criteria A and B, as well as their interaction effects, to relationship satisfaction.nnMETHODS: Participants were drawn from two clinical samples: patients with personality disorders (PD;  = 101) and clients consulting in private practice clinics (PPC;  = 350). They completed self-report questionnaires assessing relationship satisfaction and AMPD Criteria A (only for PPC sample) and B.nnRESULTS: Hierarchical regressions showed that, for the PD sample, the Detachment and Negative Affectivity domains, especially the pathological facets of Intimacy Avoidance and Separation Insecurity, explained 22.5% of relationship satisfaction's variance. For PPC clients, Detachment, Negative Affectivity, and Antagonism domains, and especially the pathological facets of Intimacy Avoidance, Anxiousness, and Grandiosity, contribute significantly to relationship satisfaction, explaining 14.8% of its variance. Criterion A elements did not evince incremental value to the regression models in the PPC sample, and no Criteria A and B interaction effects were found. Clinical implications as well as limitations of the study are discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34467790,

title = {Development and Validation of the Stalking and Obsessive Relational Intrusions Questionnaire (SORI-Q)},

author = {Dominick Gamache and Claudia Savard and Jonathan Faucher and Marie-Ève Cloutier},

doi = {10.1177/08862605211042808},

issn = {1552-6518},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-01},

journal = {J Interpers Violence},

volume = {37},

number = {21-22},

pages = {NP19420--NP19446},

abstract = {Stalking and obsessive relational intrusions both refer to a pervasive and unwanted pattern of pursuit behaviors, the former being a criminal offense evoking fear and a sense of menace in the victim, while the latter may be perceived as annoying or otherwise undesirable, but not necessarily fear inducing. While the individual and societal costs of stalking and obsessive relational intrusion are increasingly recognized, research regarding these behaviors and their consequences has been limited by measurement issues, as most studies have relied on questionnaires and checklists based on very limited validation data. The goal of the present study is to report on the development and validation of the Stalking and Obsessive Relational Intrusions Questionnaire (SORI-Q), a 28-item self-report questionnaire designed to probe for perpetration of stalking-like behaviors. Young adults (age 18-30 years) from a community sample ( = 1,804; 82.6% women) were recruited online. They completed the SORI-Q, along with measures of dark personality traits, insecure attachment dimensions, and intimate partner violence. Overall, the SORI-Q displayed sound psychometric properties. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded a two-factor solution ( and ) with adequate to good fit indices. The total scale and the two factor scores showed high internal consistency (above 0.70 for all indices). A number of gender differences were observed at total-, factor-, and item-level, the most outstanding being that women had a higher score on the total SORI-Q score, and on the  factor and most of its items. The questionnaire showed conceptually meaningful positive correlations with dark personality traits, attachment anxiety, and intimate partner violence. Dominance analysis revealed that attachment anxiety and Machiavellianism were the strongest statistical predictors of SORI-Q scores. The SORI-Q should be seen as a promising new measure of stalking-like and ORI behaviors in young adults from community settings.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34985324,

title = {Preliminary Steps Toward Extracting the Specific Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Diagnoses From Criteria A and B Self-Reports},

author = {Dominick Gamache and Philippe Leclerc and Maude Payant and Kristel Mayrand and Marie-Chloé Nolin and Louis-Alexandre Marcoux and Stéphane Sabourin and Marc Tremblay and Claudia Savard},

doi = {10.1521/pedi_2012_35_541},

issn = {1943-2763},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

journal = {J Pers Disord},

volume = {36},

number = {4},

pages = {476--488},

abstract = {The Alternative  Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) retains six specific personality disorders (PDs) that can be diagnosed based on Criterion A level of impairment and Criterion B maladaptive facets. Those specific diagnoses are still underresearched, despite the preference expressed by most PD scholars for a mixed/hybrid classification. This study explores the possibility of using Criterion A and B self-report questionnaires to extract the specific AMPD diagnoses. Plausible prevalence estimates were found in three samples (outpatient PD, private practice, community;  = 766) using the facet score ≥ 2 and  score > 65 methods for determining the presence of a Criterion B facet; diagnoses had meaningful correlations with external variables. This study provides evidence-albeit preliminary-that the extraction of the specific AMPD PDs from self-report questionnaires might be a viable avenue. Ultimately, it could promote the use and dissemination of those diagnoses for screening purposes in clinical and research settings.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}